Mechanisms of pathogenderived resistance to viruses in transgenic plants. Virusresistant transgenic plants vrtps hold the promise of enormous benefit for agriculture. Ishs xiv international symposium on virus diseases of ornamental plants transgenic nicotiana benthamiana resistance to synergistic infection of two orchid viruses cymmv and orsv. Department of plant pathology, north carolina state university. Mechanisms of pathogenderived resistance to viruses. The l3 proteins include wildtype proteins, spontaneously occurring mutants and nonnaturally occurring l3 mutants.
There is clearly a benefit to farmers, if transgenic plants are developing a resistant into specific pest. Stability of transgenic resistance against plant viruses. This is the first report of the development of transgenic plants with double resistance to the two most prevailing viruses, cymmv and orsv, that infect orchids. Commercial development and regulatory and environmental issues j. Pdf genetic engineering for virus resistance researchgate. Hefferon encyclopedia of life support systems eolss plants which possess enhanced nutritional traits. This fact makes the use of transgenic resistant plants as. The genetic diversity of prsv depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of prsv disease management on a sequence of prsv isolates. In this article we will discuss about the viral resistance in transgenic plants. Genetically modified crops are genetically modified plants that are used in agriculture.
Development of viral resistant plants biotechnology notes. Transgenic virusresistance plants and new plant viruses many genes derived from plant rna viruses provided by aphis and by the expressed in transgenic plants confer biotechnology industry organization. The resistance does not function against potato virus y. Plant viruses have a strong negative impact on agricultural crops throughout the world. Transgenic banana plants resistant to banana bunchy top. Pdf potential safety issues have been raised with the development and release of virusresistant transgenic plants. Extensive field trials with transgenic, virusresistant. However, over the past ten years, questions concerning the potential ecological impact of vrtps have been raised. Genetically engineered rice resistant to rice stripe virus. Transgenic plants resistant to plant viruses, insects and herbicides are discussed. In this section, current techniques employed in plant transformation are investigated. Plant viruses are the potential candidate in affecting crop yield.
The resistance can be either preestablished or induced and is specific and complete. Based on this observation, it was suggested that cp. The majority of virusresistant transgenic plants can be considered to be the result of pathogenderived resistance pdr brought about the expression of viral sequences in plant cells leading to plant protection prins et al, 2008. Disease resistance has been durable for over 15 years. Transgenic virusresistant plants were first produced in 1986 by genetically engineering tobacco plants to express the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. Broad virus resistance in transgenic plants sciencedirect. The introduction of coat protein transgenes has since proved to be an extremely effective and generally applicable approach to engineering virus resistance in crop plants.
Labra, in encyclopedia of applied plant sciences, 2003. Disclosed are transgenic plants containing an exogenous nucleic acid encoding an l3 protein. Strategies for engineering virus resistance in transgenic. The concept of pathogenderived resistance has been employed for the. Pdf viral, fungal and bacterial disease resistance in. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways. The second generation of crops aimed to improve the quality, often by altering the nutrient profile. Safety of virusresistant transgenic plants two decades. In these experi ments, transgenic tobacco plants expressing high levels of the tmv cp were more resistant to tmvvirions than to tmv rna inocula. Researchers have long observed that transgenic plants expressing genes derived from viral pathogens often display immunity to the pathogen and its related strains lomonossoff, 1995. Subsequently, there have been numerous attempts to generate virus resistance in transgenic plants based on this concept through the expression of virus derived genes or genome fragments beachy, 1993.
The coat protein of tmv has been widely exploited for the development of virus resistant transgenic plants. Tomato spotted wilt virus tswv has worldwide impact, and particularly in the tropics and subtropics. By 1998 the first transgenic virusresistant papaya was approved for sale. Several successful field trials of virusresistant transgenic plants have been carried out. Virus resistant transgenic plants linkedin slideshare. Transgenic papaya accounts for 85% of hawaiian production. Plant resistance to virus diseases through genetic. Progress is being made on several fronts to introduce new traits into plants using recombinant dna technology the genetic manipulation of plants has been going on since the dawn of agriculture, but until recently this has required the slow and tedious process of crossbreeding varieties. Transgenic plants are expected to integrate and express one or more foreign genes in an otherwise unmodified genomic environment.
This article has been cited by other articles in pmc. Production of genetically modified plants with improved resistance to viral disease is one of the. The industry was full of hope then, but it remained to be seen whether the transgenic papaya would translate this hope to a reality. Gonsalves abstract in hawaii, transgenic papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus prsv was developed starting in the 1980s and released commercially in. The transgenic plant carrying a virusderived sequence presents an increase in risk compared to the nontransgenic plant only if the frequency with which viable recombinants are generated in the former is significantly greater. The first crops provided are used for animal or human food and provide resistance to certain pests, diseases, environmental conditions, spoilage or chemical treatments e.
These results led to the hypothesis that ectopic expression of genes encoding wildtype or mutant viral proteins could interfere with the viral life cycle sanford and. Virus resistant transgenic plants for environmentally safe. This program, still ongoing, has supported numerous studies on risk assessment of virusresistant transgenic plants 5. Several conventional methods such as breeding for resistance, heat treatment are enforced to combat viral menace. Other viral resistant transgenic plants are a potato virus resistant potato plants b rsv resistant rice, c ymv resistant black gram and d ymv resistant green gram etc. Transgenic plants encyclopedia of life support systems. A case study of bacillus thuringiensis bt and its transfer to developing countries anatole f. Also disclosed are methods of reducing the toxicity of singlechain ribosome inhibitory proteins in. Engineering broad rootknot resistance in transgenic. Table 1 virusresistant transgenic plants authorized for unrestricted use in the united states through july 2001a. Plants transformed with a tobacco mosaic virus nonstructural gene sequence are resistant to the virus. Broad virus resistance in transgenic plants cell press. Indeed, while extensive molecular analysis has established that the foreign gene becomes permanently integrated into the chromosomal dna of transgenic.
Mechanisms of pathogenderived resistance to viruses in. Resistant ff 3 transgenic plants had a higher transgene expression as compared to nonresistant plants. Hefferon cornell research foundation, cornell university, ithaca, usa keywords. Papaya carica papaya is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus prsv. We discuss topics commonly perceived to be of concern to the environment and to human health.
Biotechnological approaches for plant viruses resistance. Almost all economically important crops may become infected with. Transgenic resistance to plant viruses is an important technology for control of plant virus infection, which has been demonstrated for many model systems, as well as for the most important plant. Six years have transpired since the commercialization of. Many genes derived from plant rna viruses provided by aphis and by the expressed in transgenic plants confer. Ten years experience of the french biomolecular engineering commission 9. Viruses are significant threats to agricultural crops worldwide and the limited sources of natural resistance warrant the development of novel resistance sources. Researchers has introduced tmv coat protein cp gene and have developed viral resistant transgenic plants. Project methods we will work towards developing virusresistant plants, using transgenic plant technology. Conclusion virusderived transgenic resistance holds great promise in sparing growers and consumers the costs of losses due to virus infection. Transgenic approaches for producing virus resistant plants. Potential safety issues have been raised with the development and release of virusresistant transgenic plants.
In some cases, detailed study of the mode of action of the resistance gene has made it possible to eliminate the source of potential risk, notably the possible effects of heterologous. Biotechnology school of biotechnology davv, indore 2. Transgenic nicotiana benthamiana resistance to synergistic. Complementation it occurs in transgenic plants if the transgenically expressed protein complements a mutant virus, which is defective in one or more genes. Transgenic papaya resistant to the papaya ringspot virus has allowed the hawaii papaya industry to recover from the severe damage caused by the virus gonsalves, 1998. Gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management. Biosafety, coat protein, plant virus, transgenic, virus resistance. Potential safety issues associated with virusresistant transgenic plants include heteroencapsidation, recombination, synergism, gene. However, planting into areas where endemic virus diseases occur and mixed virus infections are expected especially during early stages of the vegetation period, time intervals of low air temperature and greenhouse or open field cultivation practices could affect.
This industry was fortunate to have a potential product already under development when prsv was discovered in the main growing area of puna. The resultant transgenic plants expressed the cpat hih levels up to 0. Overview of acquired virus resistance in transgenic plants better. Us7235715b2 virusresistant transgenic plants expressing. New hope for control of papaya ringspot virus in hawaii. The plant exhibits increased resistance to viruses andor fungi that infect plants. The level of protection conferred by cp genes in transgenic plants varies from immunity to delay and attenuation of symptoms.
Plants derived fromselfed progeny ofthe primary transformants also expressed the cpandshowedviral resistance, idicating stable transmission ofthe cpgene andthe. Safe utilisation of transgenic virusresistant plants. Transgenic plants expressing a singlechainfv antibody to. Pdf safety of virusresistant transgenic plants two decades. Given that the accumulation of cymmv and orsv in protoplasts and il was significantly lower in resistant transgenic lines than wt plants and almost no virus was detectable in sl of transgenic.
A critical evaluation of whether recombination in virusresistant transgenic plants will lead to the emergence of novel viral diseases authors for correspondence. Engineering broad rootknot resistance in transgenic plants by rnai silencing of a conserved and essential rootknot nematode parasitism gene guozhong huang, rex allen, eric l. Virus resistant transgenic plants for environmentally safe management of viral diseases a varma, r k jain and a i bhat advanced center for plant virology, division of plant pathology, indian agricultural research institute, new delhi 110012, india. Strategies for engineering virus resistance in transgenic plants. Hul i department ofplant and environmental protection sciences, university ofhawaii at manoa, honolulu, hi 96822 usa. Specific features of virus infection make it possible to interfere with different steps of the infection and disease cycle by accumulating products of chimeric genes introduced into transgenic plants. The full text of this article is available as a pdf 1.
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